Care and Preservation of Oil Paintings – Common Risks to Condition

Oil Painting by Ambrosius Bosschaert the Elder from the collection of the Mauritshuis, The Hague

Caring for oil paintings to ensure lasting preservation begins with the room where the work of art is hanging. Basic preventative measures to avoid poor environmental conditions include:

• Low light levels – Direct sunlight should be avoided. Excess exposure to light causes painted surfaces to lighten or darken. LED lamps are safest for illumination.
• Uniform temperature and humidity – Extreme variations in heat and humidity result in canvases and wood frames to expand and contract.  Paint is not as resilient as wood and canvas and fluctuations in heat and humidity can cause cracking throughout the layers of paint. Keeping the room temperature at 70 degrees Fahrenheit and humidity at 50% is a good balance. Never store paintings in humid areas such as basements.
• Keep the surface clean – Don’t hang paintings over fireplaces, near candles, or in rooms where smoking is allowed.  The build up of dirt on paint’s surface creates ideal conditions for mold growth and allows moisture and pollutants to penetrate the paint’s layers. Never try to clean a painting yourself. Always consult a certified conservator about a painting in need of cleaning, especially if the surface of the paint is cracked.
• Examine for insect damage – check the back of the painting and frame for small holes in the canvas or frame and a powdery substance that resembles sawdust. If these signs are visible, carefully place the painting in a plastic bag to discourage further infestation and consult a certified conservator.
• Handle with care – improper handling is the greatest cause of permanent damage to paintings.  Vibrations, unintentional bumping, and even contact with jewelry or a belt buckle can cause condition problems. Check to be sure the path to the new destination is clear of obstacles. Never use the wire on the back to carry a painting. Wearing nitrile gloves, gently grasp the painting by the vertical sides when moving. 
• If in doubt, ask – Professional, certified conservators are the best resource for painting care questions.  Certified conservators go through stringent science training and art study to gain their specialized knowledge.  If you need help finding the right conservator for your painting, please contact Guardian for assistance.